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Tbed CVE-2026-111674

| EUVDEUVD-2026-102965 MEDIUM
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (CWE-639)
2026-10-16 VulnCheck GHSA-rcr8-7p73-vw9w
5.3
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulnCheck
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate as any low-privileged user
  2. Exploit
    Harvest victim imgname from public URL or album
  3. Execution
    POST to /admin/setImgFileName with victim imgname
  4. Impact
    Overwrite victim's image display name with attacker text

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Object-level authorization, IDOR prevention
Exploitation Conditions

Requires a valid authenticated account of any privilege level on the target Tbed instance (PR:L) and network reach to the /admin/setImgFileName endpoint. The attacker must also know the victim's imgname identifier - but this is not a meaningful barrier because imgname is exposed in public image URLs and album listings. No special or non-default configuration is needed, and no user interaction by the victim is required. Exploitation is limited to the integrity of image display-name metadata (impersonation/defacement); it does not expose or exfiltrate data and does not affect availability. The only real limiting factor is the need for an authenticated account on the application.

Impact

This is a medium-severity, integrity-only issue that does not warrant emergency prioritization. The vendor-supplied CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N) describes a remotely reachable, low-complexity flaw, but it explicitly requires an authenticated account (PR:L) and yields only limited integrity impact (VI:L) with no confidentiality (VC:N) or availability (VA:N) consequences - consistent with a CWE-639 IDOR that merely lets a logged-in user overwrite another user's image display names. No CISA KEV listing and no EPSS score are present in the input, so there is no signal of active or probable widespread exploitation; a public technical write-up (hackmd) and source-code line references exist, which lowers the barrier to reproduction, but that is reproduction detail, not evidence of exploitation in the wild. The signals are internally consistent (network-reachable but authentication-gated, low impact), so there is no contradiction to resolve. Net: a real but low-priority defacement/impersonation bug in a niche self-hosted product - patch in normal cycles rather than as an incident.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker registers or already holds any low-privileged account on a Tbed instance, harvests a target user's imgname from a public image URL or album listing, then calls /admin/setImgFileName with the victim's imgname and an attacker-chosen string. The victim's image display name is overwritten with attacker-controlled text still attributed to the victim, enabling impersonation, abusive content, or defacement. A detailed public write-up documents the flaw and the exact vulnerable code, easing reproduction.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 16, 2026

Tbed instances through the 20240319 snapshot let any authenticated user rename another user's images by submitting the victim's imgname to the /admin/setImgFileName endpoint, a missing-authorization (CWE-639) flaw that undermines integrity but not confidentiality or availability. Because imgname values are exposed in public image URLs and album listings, the attacker needs no privileged knowledge to target a victim, and the write allows attacker-chosen display text to be attributed to that victim's images (impersonation/defacement). The assessed CVSS 3.1 vector is AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N (scored 5.3 in the source data), requiring a valid low-privilege account but no victim interaction; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis: the referenced GitHub links point to the vulnerable 20240319 code (AdminController.java lines 158-176 and ImgMapper.xml lines 171-189), not to a tagged fix, so operators should not assume an upstream release resolves this. Until a vendor fix is published, apply compensating controls. First, add an authorization check in AdminController.setImgFileName that resolves the submitted imgname to its owner and rejects the request unless the caller is that owner or a genuine administrator - this is the correct long-term fix and carries no functional side effects for legitimate users. Second, if code changes are not possible, restrict /admin/setImgFileName at the reverse proxy or application firewall so only trusted administrative source addresses or sessions that have passed an admin-role assertion can reach it; note that this breaks the endpoint for any legitimate non-administrative workflow and requires accurate network-allowlist maintenance. Third, where the deployment permits it, stop exposing raw imgname values in public image URLs and album listings so the key cannot be harvested as a targeting primitive; this requires changing URL generation and album templates and may break existing bookmarks, cached links, and external embeds, so plan a migration. Finally, monitor application logs for setImgFileName calls where the authenticated principal does not match the image owner, and alert on bursts of rename operations, as a detection control that does not prevent the write. Track the VulnCheck advisory (https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tbed-through-20240319-missing-authorization-via-setimgfilename-endpoint) for a patched release, and note that exploitation only alters image display-name metadata - there is no data exfiltration or availability impact, so emergency change procedures are not warranted.

Affected VersionsENISA

Tbed 0 ≤20240319

Affected Packages

euvd tbed no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The root cause is CWE-639, Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key, in the Java-based Tbed image hosting application. The endpoint /admin/setImgFileName is implemented in src/main/java/cn/hellohao/controller/AdminController.java (lines 158-176) and performs its database write through a MyBatis statement defined in src/main/resources/mapper/ImgMapper.xml (lines 171-189). The operation accepts a caller-supplied imgname key and updates the associated image's display-name metadata, but the controller does not verify that the requesting principal owns or administers the record identified by that key, so the key itself becomes the authorization decision. The affected-component CPE cpe:2.3:a:hello-hao:tbed:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* indicates all versions of Hello-hao's Tbed up to and including the 20240319 snapshot are treated as affected. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N, VI:L with no VC/VA and no subsequent-system impact) confirms this is a remote, low-privilege, low-integrity-only issue: network reach to the endpoint plus any authenticated account suffices, and no non-default configuration or victim interaction is required.

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulnCheck) PRIMARY 5.3 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 4.3 MEDIUM

Remote web endpoint (AV:N) with no special complexity (AC:L); requires any authenticated account (PR:L), no UI; only image-name metadata is altered, so I:L and C:N/A:N.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
None
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Tbed through 20240319 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows any authenticated user to rename other users' images through the /admin/setImgFileName endpoint. Attackers can supply a victim's imgname, exposed in public image URLs and album listings, to overwrite display names with attacker-chosen text attributed to the victim.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 85% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche open-source self-hosted image-hosting app, tiny deployment footprint
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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