Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessSelf-register via anonymous AccountController.Create
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DeliveryObtain authenticated session token
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ExploitSupply other tenant's GUID to Customers/Devices API
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ExecutionRetrieve unscoped cross-tenant records
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ImpactExfiltrate customer PII and device telemetry
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Object-level authorization, IDOR prevention
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires an authenticated low-privilege account, which is trivially obtainable because the AccountController.Create endpoint permits anonymous self-registration. Beyond that, the attacker must know or obtain valid GUIDs belonging to other tenants to pass to the Customers and Devices API handlers, since the handlers fail to scope queries to the caller's tenant. Limiting factors: GUIDs are not sequentially enumerable (random 128-bit identifiers), so blind mass enumeration is impractical and exploitation is realistically targeted; the deployment must be genuinely multi-tenant with other tenants' customer/device data present for there to be anything to steal. Exploitation is read-only with no integrity or availability impact. |
| Impact | This is a medium-severity cross-tenant IDOR (CWE-639) with genuinely mixed signals that place it well below drop-everything priority. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N) confirms network-reachable, low-complexity exploitation, but PR:L means a valid account is required - and the practical barrier is low because the AccountController.Create endpoint permits anonymous self-registration, effectively turning PR:L into 'anyone who can reach the app.' Impact is bounded: VC:L/VI:N/VA:N reflects read-only exposure with no integrity or availability effect, and the realistic confidentiality impact is further constrained because an attacker must supply valid other-tenant GUIDs, which are not sequentially enumerable, limiting bulk harvesting to targeted abuse rather than automated mass exfiltration. No EPSS score was provided in the input, so exploitation probability cannot be quantified; the vulnerability is NOT listed in CISA KEV, and no exploit-code flag was supplied, so this is no public exploit identified at time of analysis - though a detailed third-party technical writeup (hackmd) and exact vulnerable source lines (CustomersController.cs:164-177, DevicesController.cs:490-507) are publicly referenced, meaning rediscovery/weaponization is trivial for a motivated actor. No SSVC decision data was provided. Net: a real but contained authorization flaw - prioritize patching in multi-tenant IoTSharp deployments holding sensitive customer/device data, but it does not represent RCE-class or mass-exploitation urgency. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker self-registers a low-privilege account via the anonymous AccountController.Create endpoint, then calls the Customers and Devices API handlers while supplying a GUID belonging to a different tenant. Because the handlers never scope queries to the caller's tenant, the attacker receives that tenant's customer contact details, device inventory, and device attribute telemetry. A public technical writeup documents the exact exploitation path, lowering the barrier despite no formal exploit-code flag. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 16, 2026
Cross-tenant data exposure in IoTSharp through 3.6.1 lets any authenticated user read other tenants' customer contact details, device inventories, and device attribute telemetry because the Customers and Devices API handlers fail to scope queries to the caller's tenant (CWE-639, CVSS 5.3). Authentication is trivial to obtain: the anonymous AccountController.Create endpoint allows self-registration, so an attacker only needs a valid GUID belonging to another tenant, and although those GUIDs are random 128-bit values that are not sequentially enumerable, exploitation is realistically targeted rather than mass-enumerable. Impact is read-only and limited to confidentiality - no integrity or availability effect - and the deployment must be genuinely multi-tenant to be exploitable; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and there is no CISA KEV confirmation of active exploitation.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch was identified at time of analysis, so remediation must begin with compensating controls. First, remove or lock down the anonymous self-registration endpoint (AccountController.Create) - requiring an invitation, admin approval, or external identity provider for account creation eliminates the low-friction path to an authenticated session, at the cost of changing legitimate onboarding flows. Second, correct the root cause in code by adding an explicit tenant predicate to the Customers and Devices query handlers in CustomersController.cs (around lines 164-177) and DevicesController.cs (around lines 490-507) in v3.6.1, validating that each requested customer or device GUID resolves to the caller's tenant and returning 404/403 otherwise; this requires recompilation and redeployment, and any unfiltered query paths elsewhere in the API should be audited at the same time, since the same pattern may recur. Third, if IoTSharp cannot be patched or redeployed promptly, restrict network exposure of the management/API surface to trusted networks or a reverse proxy performing additional authorization, understanding that this reduces but does not fix the tenant-isolation defect for authenticated users who retain access. Finally, monitor and log cross-tenant identifier access attempts so misuse is detectable, and track the vendor repository and the VulnCheck advisory for a fixed release before removing these temporary controls.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The flaw is an Insecure Direct Object Reference / authorization bypass through a user-controlled key (CWE-639) in the ASP.NET Core MVC controllers of IoTSharp, an open-source .NET IoT platform. The Customers and Devices API handlers accept a customer or device identifier supplied by the caller and resolve it directly against the data store without adding a tenant-scoping predicate (for example, a TenantId == currentUser.TenantId filter) to the query, so any authenticated principal can retrieve records belonging to an arbitrary tenant. The two identified entry points are CustomersController.cs (lines 164-177) and DevicesController.cs (lines 490-507) in the v3.6.1 source tree. The provided CVSS:4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N) confirms a network-reachable, low-privilege, unauthenticated-interaction issue whose only assessed impact is limited confidentiality loss at the vulnerable system, with no subsequent-system impact; the independent assessment maps to CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N. The CPE cpe:2.3:a:iotsharp:iotsharp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* is a fully wildcarded version range, matching the advisory statement that all releases through 3.6.1 are affected and that no fixed release is identified in the available data.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Network-reachable API, low complexity, PR:L for the required (self-registrable) account; C:L because read-only exposure is bounded by needing valid non-enumerable tenant GUIDs; no integrity or availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
DescriptionCVE.org
IoTSharp through 3.6.1 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability that allows any authenticated user to read other tenants' data because Customers and Devices API handlers do not scope queries to the caller's tenant. Attackers can self-register through the anonymous AccountController.Create endpoint and supply other tenants' GUIDs to read customer contact details, device inventories and device attribute telemetry.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
EUVD-2026-103051
GHSA-42g8-wcwc-865r
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB