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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Send unauthenticated POST to popup-submit REST route
  2. Exploit
    Supply attacker-controlled nx_id targeting enabled non-popup campaign
  3. Impact
    Inject forged social-proof entry into live notifications

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Authorization checks on every request
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitable only when at least one non-popup NotificationX campaign (WP Comments, WooCommerce/EDD/Give sales, reviews, etc.) is created and enabled on the target site, since the injected entry is written into an existing campaign referenced by the attacker-supplied nx_id. No authentication, user interaction, or non-default configuration of the plugin is required - the vulnerable /notificationx/v1/popup-submit route ships with permission_callback => '__return_true' in versions up to and including 3.3.3. The limiting factor is impact scope, not access: injected content only affects displayed social-proof notifications (name/title/message/email/theme) and cannot alter site code, credentials, or availability.

Impact

This is a genuine-but-moderate issue, correctly scored CVSS 5.3 (Medium). The vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N is internally consistent with the description: the /notificationx/v1/popup-submit REST route is registered with permission_callback => '__return_true', confirming no-privilege (PR:N), no-interaction (UI:N), low-complexity (AC:L) remote (AV:N) reach. Impact is correctly limited to integrity (I:L) with no confidentiality or availability effect - the flaw injects forged social-proof entries, not code or data exfiltration, so this is not an RCE-class emergency despite being trivially reachable. No EPSS score, KEV listing, or public POC was provided in the input, so exploitation pressure signals are absent: no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The practical ceiling is reputational/social-engineering abuse (fake sales, reviews, comment counts) rather than system compromise, which is why the real-world priority is lower than the 'unauthenticated + low-complexity' framing alone might suggest. No signals conflict; the main limitation is simply that integrity impact is bounded to displayed notification content.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An unauthenticated attacker sends a crafted POST request to the public /notificationx/v1/popup-submit REST endpoint supplying an nx_id that points to a non-popup campaign (e.g. a WooCommerce sales or WP Comments NotificationX). Because the handler never verifies the campaign type or the caller's authorization, the attacker's forged name, title, message, email, and theme are copied into that live campaign and displayed to real site visitors as legitimate social proof. No public exploit code was identified at time of analysis, but exploitation requires only a standard HTTP client.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 16, 2026

Unauthenticated content injection in the WordPress NotificationX plugin (WPDevTeam) - versions up to and including 3.3.3 - allows remote attackers to write forged social-proof entries (name, title, message, email, theme) into any enabled non-popup NotificationX campaign by POSTing an arbitrary nx_id to the /notificationx/v1/popup-submit REST route. That route is registered with permission_callback => '__return_true', so no authentication, user interaction, or non-default plugin setting is needed, although exploitation does depend on at least one non-popup campaign (WP Comments, WooCommerce/EDD/Give sales, reviews, etc.) already existing and being enabled on the target site. The impact is confined to the integrity of displayed notification content (CVSS 5.3 Medium - no confidentiality or availability loss), no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not flagged as actively exploited.

RemediationAI

The definitive fix is to update NotificationX beyond version 3.3.3: the upstream change committed to trunk in WordPress plugin Trac changeset 3746251 (https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3746251/notificationx/trunk/includes/Extensions/PopupNotification/PopupNotification.php) modifies the PopupNotification handler so the popup-submit path no longer blindly trusts nx_id; note that the input data identifies the upstream fix (PR/commit) but does not independently confirm a specific tagged patched release version, so verify the version number in the WordPress.org plugin repository before relying on it - the advisory at https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/84b5e044-4522-480a-ad14-8886ed691a86?source=cve should be checked for the official fixed release. If immediate updating is not possible, the most targeted compensating control is to deny or require authentication for requests to the /notificationx/v1/popup-submit REST route (for example via a WAF rule, reverse-proxy auth, or a site-level rest_pre_dispatch / permission_callback filter that returns a WP_Error for that route); the trade-off is that legitimate front-end Popup Notification and Exit Intent Popup submission forms will stop accepting visitor input, silently degrading that marketing feature. A broader alternative is to temporarily deactivate the NotificationX plugin entirely, which removes the exposure but also removes all live sales/social-proof notifications from the site. Because the injected content only affects rendered notification entries and not site code, credentials, or availability, neither measure needs to be treated as an emergency, but both should be paired with review of the notification entries table for forged records referencing unexpected nx_id values.

Affected VersionsENISA

NotificationX – FOMO, Live Sales Notification, WooCommerce Sales Popup, GDPR, Social Proof, Announcement Banner & Floating Notification Bar 0 ≤3.3.3

Affected Packages

euvd notificationx_fomo_live_sales_notification_woocommerce_sales_popup_gdpr_social_proof_announcement_banner_floating_notification_bar no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The root cause is CWE-862 (Missing Authorization) in the plugin's REST API layer. NotificationX registers the /notificationx/v1/popup-submit route in includes/Core/Rest/Popup.php using permission_callback => '__return_true', which effectively disables WordPress's authorization gate for that endpoint. The handler PopupNotification::handle_popup_submission() (includes/Extensions/PopupNotification/PopupNotification.php) then trusts the attacker-supplied nx_id parameter, looks up whatever NotificationX campaign that ID resolves to, and copies that campaign's own source value into the newly created entry. The missing check is that the referenced campaign must actually be a Popup Notification or Exit Intent Popup - the only two sources this form is designed to serve; any other enabled campaign type (WP Comments, WooCommerce/EDD/Give sale notifications, reviews, and similar social-proof campaigns) is accepted as a write target. Supporting code paths referenced by the vendor include includes/Extensions/Extension.php#L668 (source mapping), includes/Admin/Entries.php#L93 (entry rendering/storage), and includes/Core/Rest/Popup.php#L58 and #L186 (route registration and request handling). The fix commit touches includes/Extensions/PopupNotification/PopupNotification.php in trunk (plugins.trac.wordpress.org changeset 3746251). CPE data (cpe:2.3:a:wpdevteam:notificationx_...:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) records the plugin-wide identifier with an unconstrained version field, consistent with the advisory covering all releases through 3.3.3 rather than a single build.

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Severity by source

Vendor (Wordfence) PRIMARY 5.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
vuln.today AI 5.3 MEDIUM

Public REST route with __return_true grants unauthenticated low-complexity network access (PR:N/AC:L/AV:N); impact is forged content injection only, so I:L with C:N/A:N.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (Wordfence).

CVSS VectorVendor: Wordfence

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

The NotificationX plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization leading to arbitrary content injection in versions up to, and including, 3.3.3 The /notificationx/v1/popup-submit REST route is registered with permission_callback => '__return_true', and the handler at PopupNotification::handle_popup_submission() accepts an attacker-controlled nx_id, loads whichever NotificationX campaign that id points to, and copies that campaign's own source into the new entry without verifying that the campaign is a Popup Notification or Exit Intent Popup (the two sources this form is intended to serve). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject forged social-proof entries (name, title, message, email, theme) into any enabled non-popup NotificationX campaign - WP Comments, WooCommerce/EDD/Give sales, reviews, etc.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 85% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
popular WPDeveloper social-proof plugin, common but not universal on WordPress sites
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

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