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Tronclass CVE-2026-110467

| EUVDEUVD-2026-100873 MEDIUM
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (CWE-639)
2026-10-14 twcert GHSA-j5g2-hf69-wx2x
5.3
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: twcert
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate as any Tronclass user
  2. Exploit
    Locate peer-review score request
  3. Execution
    Modify object ID parameter
  4. Impact
    Retrieve another student's scores

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Object-level authorization, IDOR prevention
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires a valid authenticated session on the target Tronclass instance (PR:L), so the attacker must already hold a legitimate account on that deployment. The specific prerequisite is access to the peer-review scoring feature, where a client-controlled object identifier (e.g., a student or submission parameter) is not validated against the requester's identity; the attacker modifies that parameter to reference another student's record. Limiting factors: the attacker cannot act unauthenticated, exploitation is confined to reading peer-review scores (no write/modification and no broader data exposure per VI:N/VA:N), and impact is limited to the confidentiality of that specific data type. No special non-default configuration is indicated as required.

Impact

This is a genuine but low-to-moderate priority issue. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 5.3 (medium) is consistent with the vulnerability's narrow impact: the vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N) describes network-reachable, low-complexity exploitation that nonetheless REQUIRES authentication (PR:L) and yields only low confidentiality impact (VC:L) with no integrity or availability impact (VI:N/VA:N). This is a textbook Insecure Direct Object Reference (CWE-639) - a user with a legitimate account manipulates an object identifier to read data belonging to other users. No EPSS score was provided in the input, and there is no CISA KEV listing and no public proof-of-concept referenced, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The absence of active-exploitation signals, combined with the authentication requirement and the limited (read-only, single data-type) impact, means this does not rise to emergency-patch urgency. The only data note worth flagging: the input Tag labels this 'Authentication Bypass,' but the CWE (CWE-639) and description describe an authorization/access-control flaw by an already-authenticated user, not a bypass of authentication - these are distinct and the tag is misleading. Net: a legitimate confidentiality/privacy defect worth remediating in a normal patch cycle, not a widespread-exploitation emergency.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An authenticated Tronclass user (e.g., an enrolled student) intercepts or crafts a request to the peer-review feature and alters an object identifier parameter - such as a student ID or submission ID - to a value belonging to another student. The server returns that other student's peer-review scores without verifying ownership. No public exploit code is referenced, but the low attack complexity (AC:L) means exploitation requires only trivial parameter tampering with a standard web proxy.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026

Authenticated users on WisdomGarden Tronclass deployments can read the peer-review scores of any student by tampering with a client-controlled object identifier in the peer-review scoring feature. The flaw is a classic insecure direct object reference (CWE-639) in which the requested student or submission parameter is not checked against the requester's identity, so any account with access to that function can substitute another student's record and view scores they should not see. Per the authoritative assessment this is a genuine but low-to-moderate priority issue: exploitation requires a valid authenticated session (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N), impact is confined to disclosure of peer-review score data with no write, deletion, or broader data exposure, and no public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV) was identified at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch was identified at time of analysis, so the primary action is to contact WisdomGarden through the TWCERT advisory channels (https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-11272-91666-1.html and https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11273-b9383-2.html) to obtain the current release and confirm whether a fixed version has been issued, then upgrade promptly and verify that the peer-review endpoint enforces object-level authorization. Until a fix is applied, the most effective compensating control is to restrict the peer-review scoring feature to the smallest possible set of trusted roles and, if the workflow permits, temporarily disable it - for example by removing the relevant menu/role permission or blocking the peer-review scoring endpoint at the reverse proxy or WAF for accounts that do not require it; the trade-off is that legitimate peer-review activity is lost while the feature is disabled, which may disrupt grading cycles. Egress-side monitoring or WAF rules that alert on anomalous patterns in peer-review parameters (rapid, sequential, or fluctuating student/submission identifiers from one session) can help detect enumeration attempts, but they are detective rather than preventive and will not block a careful attacker. Because exploitation requires a valid authenticated account (PR:L per the assessed CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N vector), tightening account lifecycle controls - disabling dormant accounts, limiting self-registration, and enforcing least privilege on student and guest roles - reduces the pool of accounts that can be used to enumerate other students' scores. Network-layer blocking of peer-review endpoints should not be relied upon as the sole mitigation, as the functionality is typically needed over the same web interface used for legitimate access.

Affected VersionsENISA

Tronclass 1.77
Tronclass 1.78

Affected Packages

euvd tronclass no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Tronclass is a learning-management-system platform developed by WisdomGarden and widely deployed by educational institutions, including in Taiwan where this issue was reported by TWCERT. CVE-2026-110467 is an insecure direct object reference (IDOR), classified under CWE-639 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key). The root cause is that the peer-review scoring endpoint accepts an object reference - such as a student ID, submission ID, or review identifier - directly from the client and returns the corresponding peer-review scores without verifying that the authenticated principal is authorized to view that specific record. Because authorization is performed only at the feature level (does the user have access to peer review?) rather than the object level (does this user own or legitimately administer this record?), an attacker who already holds a valid Tronclass account can enumerate or guess identifiers and retrieve other students' scores. CPE data (cpe:2.3:a:wisdomgarden:tronclass:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) indicates all currently listed Tronclass versions are treated as affected, since no version boundaries were published by the vendor. The issue is a horizontal privilege-escalation / broken object-level authorization pattern typical of LMS grade-related functionality, and it is distinct from authentication bypass despite the 'Authentication Bypass' tag applied by the reporting feed - a valid session is still required. The assessed CVSS:3.1 vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N confirms network reachability, low attack complexity, authenticated-remote prerequisite, no user interaction, and a confidentiality-only, low-severity impact scoped to the vulnerable component.

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Severity by source

Vendor (twcert) PRIMARY 5.3 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 4.3 MEDIUM

Network-reachable (AV:N) and trivial parameter tampering (AC:L) but requires an authenticated account (PR:L); impact is read-only exposure of peer-review scores, so C:L and I/A:N.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (twcert).

CVSS VectorVendor: twcert

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
None
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Tronclass developed by WisdomGarden has a Insecure Direct Object Reference vulnerability. Authenticated remote attackers can modify a specific parameter to view the peer review scores of any student.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 82% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche academic LMS, mainly deployed in Asia-Pacific universities
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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