Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessAuthenticate as any Tronclass user
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ExploitLocate peer-review score request
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ExecutionModify object ID parameter
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ImpactRetrieve another student's scores
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Object-level authorization, IDOR prevention
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires a valid authenticated session on the target Tronclass instance (PR:L), so the attacker must already hold a legitimate account on that deployment. The specific prerequisite is access to the peer-review scoring feature, where a client-controlled object identifier (e.g., a student or submission parameter) is not validated against the requester's identity; the attacker modifies that parameter to reference another student's record. Limiting factors: the attacker cannot act unauthenticated, exploitation is confined to reading peer-review scores (no write/modification and no broader data exposure per VI:N/VA:N), and impact is limited to the confidentiality of that specific data type. No special non-default configuration is indicated as required. |
| Impact | This is a genuine but low-to-moderate priority issue. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 5.3 (medium) is consistent with the vulnerability's narrow impact: the vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N) describes network-reachable, low-complexity exploitation that nonetheless REQUIRES authentication (PR:L) and yields only low confidentiality impact (VC:L) with no integrity or availability impact (VI:N/VA:N). This is a textbook Insecure Direct Object Reference (CWE-639) - a user with a legitimate account manipulates an object identifier to read data belonging to other users. No EPSS score was provided in the input, and there is no CISA KEV listing and no public proof-of-concept referenced, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The absence of active-exploitation signals, combined with the authentication requirement and the limited (read-only, single data-type) impact, means this does not rise to emergency-patch urgency. The only data note worth flagging: the input Tag labels this 'Authentication Bypass,' but the CWE (CWE-639) and description describe an authorization/access-control flaw by an already-authenticated user, not a bypass of authentication - these are distinct and the tag is misleading. Net: a legitimate confidentiality/privacy defect worth remediating in a normal patch cycle, not a widespread-exploitation emergency. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An authenticated Tronclass user (e.g., an enrolled student) intercepts or crafts a request to the peer-review feature and alters an object identifier parameter - such as a student ID or submission ID - to a value belonging to another student. The server returns that other student's peer-review scores without verifying ownership. No public exploit code is referenced, but the low attack complexity (AC:L) means exploitation requires only trivial parameter tampering with a standard web proxy. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026
Authenticated users on WisdomGarden Tronclass deployments can read the peer-review scores of any student by tampering with a client-controlled object identifier in the peer-review scoring feature. The flaw is a classic insecure direct object reference (CWE-639) in which the requested student or submission parameter is not checked against the requester's identity, so any account with access to that function can substitute another student's record and view scores they should not see. Per the authoritative assessment this is a genuine but low-to-moderate priority issue: exploitation requires a valid authenticated session (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N), impact is confined to disclosure of peer-review score data with no write, deletion, or broader data exposure, and no public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV) was identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch was identified at time of analysis, so the primary action is to contact WisdomGarden through the TWCERT advisory channels (https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-11272-91666-1.html and https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11273-b9383-2.html) to obtain the current release and confirm whether a fixed version has been issued, then upgrade promptly and verify that the peer-review endpoint enforces object-level authorization. Until a fix is applied, the most effective compensating control is to restrict the peer-review scoring feature to the smallest possible set of trusted roles and, if the workflow permits, temporarily disable it - for example by removing the relevant menu/role permission or blocking the peer-review scoring endpoint at the reverse proxy or WAF for accounts that do not require it; the trade-off is that legitimate peer-review activity is lost while the feature is disabled, which may disrupt grading cycles. Egress-side monitoring or WAF rules that alert on anomalous patterns in peer-review parameters (rapid, sequential, or fluctuating student/submission identifiers from one session) can help detect enumeration attempts, but they are detective rather than preventive and will not block a careful attacker. Because exploitation requires a valid authenticated account (PR:L per the assessed CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N vector), tightening account lifecycle controls - disabling dormant accounts, limiting self-registration, and enforcing least privilege on student and guest roles - reduces the pool of accounts that can be used to enumerate other students' scores. Network-layer blocking of peer-review endpoints should not be relied upon as the sole mitigation, as the functionality is typically needed over the same web interface used for legitimate access.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
Tronclass is a learning-management-system platform developed by WisdomGarden and widely deployed by educational institutions, including in Taiwan where this issue was reported by TWCERT. CVE-2026-110467 is an insecure direct object reference (IDOR), classified under CWE-639 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key). The root cause is that the peer-review scoring endpoint accepts an object reference - such as a student ID, submission ID, or review identifier - directly from the client and returns the corresponding peer-review scores without verifying that the authenticated principal is authorized to view that specific record. Because authorization is performed only at the feature level (does the user have access to peer review?) rather than the object level (does this user own or legitimately administer this record?), an attacker who already holds a valid Tronclass account can enumerate or guess identifiers and retrieve other students' scores. CPE data (cpe:2.3:a:wisdomgarden:tronclass:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) indicates all currently listed Tronclass versions are treated as affected, since no version boundaries were published by the vendor. The issue is a horizontal privilege-escalation / broken object-level authorization pattern typical of LMS grade-related functionality, and it is distinct from authentication bypass despite the 'Authentication Bypass' tag applied by the reporting feed - a valid session is still required. The assessed CVSS:3.1 vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N confirms network reachability, low attack complexity, authenticated-remote prerequisite, no user interaction, and a confidentiality-only, low-severity impact scoped to the vulnerable component.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Network-reachable (AV:N) and trivial parameter tampering (AC:L) but requires an authenticated account (PR:L); impact is read-only exposure of peer-review scores, so C:L and I/A:N.
Primary rating from Vendor (twcert).
CVSS VectorVendor: twcert
DescriptionCVE.org
Tronclass developed by WisdomGarden has a Insecure Direct Object Reference vulnerability. Authenticated remote attackers can modify a specific parameter to view the peer review scores of any student.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
WisdomGarden Tronclass, a learning management system, exposes anonymous student information to authenticated remote user
Authenticated low-privilege users of WisdomGarden Tronclass can alter the peer review scores of any student by manipulat
The tumbnail API of Tronclass from WisdomGarden lacks proper access control, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers t
EUVD-2026-100873
GHSA-j5g2-hf69-wx2x
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB