What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-66916?

CVE-2025-66916 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.4 (Critical). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

Is there a public PoC exploit available for CVE-2025-66916?

Yes, a public proof-of-concept exploit is available for CVE-2025-66916. Prioritise patching immediately. EPSS: 0.1%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-66916?

Within 24 hours: Identify all affected systems running RuoYi-Vue-Plus and apply vendor patches immediately. Validate that input sanitization is in place for all user-controlled parameters.

Ruoyi Vue Plus CVE-2025-66916

CRITICAL

Code Injection (CWE-94)

2026-01-08 cve@mitre.org

RCE Code Injection Ruoyi Vue Plus Dromara

9.4

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-94 OWASP Top 10:2025 A05:2025 - Injection ASVS 5.0 V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Code injection prevention, sandbox exec MITRE ATT&CK 2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	CVSS 9.4 (Critical). No auth, network vector, low complexity. PoC available. EPSS 0.08%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	An attacker evaluates a QLExpress expression that reads /app/application.yml, extracting database credentials, Redis passwords, and API keys. They then write a webshell to the public directory for persistent access.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity + public POC available.

No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 12, 2026

RuoYi-Vue-Plus (through 5.5.1) allows arbitrary file read/write through QLExpress expression evaluation in the snailjob workflow node checker. Attackers can use the File class to access any file on the server. PoC available.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 12, 2026 - 21:54 CVSS 9.4

RuoYi-Vue-Plus allows arbitrary file access through unfiltered QLExpress expression evaluation in workflow nodes.

RemediationAI

Update RuoYi-Vue-Plus. Implement expression sandboxing that blocks File, Runtime, Process, and other dangerous classes.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The /snail-job/workflow/check-node-expression endpoint evaluates QLExpress expressions without filtering dangerous classes (CWE-94). Attackers can use java.io.File and related classes to read sensitive files (application.yml, database credentials) or write malicious files.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.4 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

Low

Lifecycle Timeline

PoC Detected

Jan 30, 2026 - 01:05 vuln.today

Public exploit code

CVE Published

Jan 08, 2026 - 20:15 nvd

CRITICAL 9.4

DescriptionCVE.org

The snailjob component in RuoYi-Vue-Plus versions 5.5.1 and earlier, interface /snail-job/workflow/check-node-expression can execute QLExpress expressions, but it does not filter user input, allowing attackers to use the File class to perform arbitrary file reading and writing.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using RuoYi-Vue-Plus face critical risk from CVE-2025-66916, a code injection vulnerability rated CVSS 9.4. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or commands on affected systems, potentially leading to full system compromise. Proof-of-concept code is publicly available, increasing the risk of exploitation. Organizations should apply vendor updates immediately when available and implement compensating controls in the interim.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Deploy WAF rules to block injection patterns; (2) Restrict network access to affected components; (3) Enable enhanced logging for suspicious activity.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 76% exploitable

Exploit

POC

Public exploit code exists

Data Quality

4 sources

Confidence: Medium

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity CRITICAL

CISA KEV No

Public POC Yes

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available No

Active threat No

Deciding rule

CRITICAL severity + public POC available

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Out-of-Cycle

Exploitation· derived

Poc

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Yes

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +47

PoC: +20

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Code Injection CRITICAL

Code injection occurs when an application accepts user input and passes it directly into a language interpreter or evaluator without proper sanitization.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.