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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Authentication mechanism validation
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Defense Evasion, Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Impact

CVSS score of 9.4 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.29%.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could bypass authentication mechanisms to gain unauthorized access by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: CRITICAL severity.
No patch listed yet 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

A vulnerability in the Ruijie RG-ES series switch firmware ESW_1.0(1)B1P39 enables remote attackers to fully bypass authentication mechanisms, providing them with unrestricted access to alter. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Implement multi-factor authentication, enforce strong password policies, use proven authentication frameworks.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Improper Authentication (CWE-287), which allows attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms to gain unauthorized access. A vulnerability in the Ruijie RG-ES series switch firmware ESW_1.0(1)B1P39 enables remote attackers to fully bypass authentication mechanisms, providing them with unrestricted access to alter administrative settings and potentially seize control of affected devices via crafted HTTP POST request to /user.cgi. Affected products include: Ruijie Rg-Es228Gs-P Firmware, Ruijie Rg-Es209Gc-P Firmware, Ruijie Rg-Es205Gc-P Firmware, Ruijie Rg-Es205Gc Firmware, Ruijie Rg-Es208Gc Firmware.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.4 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
Low
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability in the Ruijie RG-ES series switch firmware ESW_1.0(1)B1P39 enables remote attackers to fully bypass authentication mechanisms, providing them with unrestricted access to alter administrative settings and potentially seize control of affected devices via crafted HTTP POST request to /user.cgi.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-56752 presents critical security risk, a improper authentication vulnerability rated CVSS 9.4. Attackers could bypass security controls to gain unauthorized access to protected resources and sensitive data. Organizations should apply vendor updates immediately when available and implement compensating controls in the interim.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls; (2) Enable MFA where possible; (3) Monitor authentication logs for anomalous access.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 47% exploitable

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
Very High

Priority Score

47
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +47
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es228gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es228gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es228gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es209gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es209gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es209gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es205gc_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es208gc_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es208gc_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es208gc_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es206gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es206gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es206gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es210gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:ruijie:rg-es210gs-p_firmware:esw_1.0\(1\)b1p35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 23 more

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