A1 Firmware
CVE-2025-55423
CRITICAL
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Code injection prevention, sandbox exec
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Impact | CVSS 9.8, EPSS 0.56% with PoC. ipTIME is a major Korean router manufacturer. UPnP is often enabled by default, making this vulnerability remotely exploitable without authentication. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker sends crafted UPnP SOAP requests to the ipTIME router's WAN interface, injecting OS commands that execute with root privileges, establishing persistent access and potentially redirecting DNS for all network clients. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Mar 12, 2026
Multiple ipTIME router models have a command injection vulnerability in the upnp_relay() function, allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands through crafted UPnP requests.
Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
Command injection in ipTIME router UPnP handler enables remote OS command execution.
RemediationAI
Update router firmware. Disable UPnP if not needed. ipTIME routers should be checked for firmware updates regularly.
Affects your stack
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Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The upnp_relay() function in multiple ipTIME routers fails to sanitize UPnP control messages (CWE-94), allowing attackers to inject OS commands through crafted UPnP requests processed by the router.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
A command injection vulnerability exists in the upnp_relay() function in multiple ipTIME router models because the controlURL value used to pass port-forwarding information to an upper router is passed to system() without proper validation or sanitization, allowing OS command injection.
Executive ViewAI
CVE-2025-55423 presents critical security risk, a code injection vulnerability rated CVSS 9.8. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or commands on affected systems, potentially leading to full system compromise. Proof-of-concept code is publicly available, increasing the risk of exploitation. Organizations should apply vendor updates immediately when available and implement compensating controls in the interim.
Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Deploy WAF rules to block injection patterns; (2) Restrict network access to affected components; (3) Enable enhanced logging for suspicious activity.
Threat Intelligence Overview
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
GitHub
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.
Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org
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