What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-54878?

CVE-2025-54878 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.6 (High). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

Which versions of Cryptolib are affected by CVE-2025-54878?

CVE-2025-54878 presents significant security risk, a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability rated CVSS 8.6.. A patch is available.

Is there a public PoC exploit available for CVE-2025-54878?

Yes, a public proof-of-concept exploit is available for CVE-2025-54878. Prioritise patching immediately. EPSS: 0.1%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-54878?

Within 7 days: Identify all affected systems and apply vendor patches promptly. If patching is delayed, consider network segmentation to limit exposure.

Cryptolib CVE-2025-54878

HIGH

Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122)

2025-08-11 security-advisories@github.com

Heap Overflow Denial Of Service Buffer Overflow Cryptolib

8.6

CVSS 3.1 · GitHub Advisory

Severity by source

GitHub Advisory PRIMARY

8.6 HIGH

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H

Primary rating from GitHub Advisory · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

Low

Integrity

Low

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

Analysis Generated

Mar 28, 2026 - 19:06 vuln.today

Patch released

Mar 28, 2026 - 19:06 nvd

Patch available

PoC Detected

Aug 27, 2025 - 14:06 vuln.today

Public exploit code

CVE Published

Aug 11, 2025 - 21:15 nvd

HIGH 8.6

DescriptionGitHub Advisory

CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. A heap buffer overflow vulnerability exists in NASA CryptoLib version 1.4.0 and prior in the IV setup logic for telecommand frames. The problem arises from missing bounds checks when copying the Initialization Vector (IV) into a freshly allocated buffer. An attacker can supply a crafted TC frame that causes the library to write one byte past the end of the heap buffer, leading to heap corruption and undefined behaviour. An attacker supplying a malformed telecommand frame can corrupt heap memory. This leads to undefined behaviour, which could manifest itself as a crash (denial of service) or more severe exploitation. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.0.

AnalysisAI

CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

Technical ContextAI

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-122. CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. A heap buffer overflow vulnerability exists in NASA CryptoLib version 1.4.0 and prior in the IV setup logic for telecommand frames. The problem arises from missing bounds checks when copying the Initialization Vector (IV) into a freshly allocated buffer. An attacker can supply a crafted TC frame that causes the library to write one byte past the end of the heap buffer, leading to heap corruption and undefined behaviour. An attacker supplying a malformed telecommand frame can corrupt heap memory. This leads to undefined behaviour, which could manifest itself as a crash (denial of service) or more severe exploitation. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.0. Affected products include: Nasa Cryptolib. Version information: version 1.4.0.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.