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Ninja Forms CVE-2025-5398

| EUVDEUVD-2025-28541 MEDIUM
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79)
2025-06-27 security@wordfence.com
PHP WordPress XSS Ninja Forms Wordpress Plugin Ninjaforms
6.4
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-79
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

Attackers can steal session cookies, redirect users to malicious sites, deface content, or perform actions on behalf of authenticated users. With a CVSS score of 6.4 (MEDIUM), this represents a moderate risk.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker injects a JavaScript payload into a vulnerable input field. When another user views the page, the script executes in their browser, stealing their session token.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 16, 2026

The Ninja Forms - The Contact Form Builder That Grows With You plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the use of a templating engine in all versions up to, and including, 3.10.2.1 due to insufficient output escaping on user data passed through the template. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
v1 Mar 16, 2026 - 00:16 CVSS 6.4

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available — apply it immediately. Encode all user-supplied output contextually (HTML, JS, URL). Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers. Use HTTPOnly and Secure cookie flags.

Affected VersionsENISA

Ninja Forms – The Contact Form Builder That Grows With You * ≤3.10.2.1

Affected Packages

euvd ninja_forms_the_contact_form_builder_that_grows_with_you no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

Cross-site scripting (XSS) allows injection of client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users due to insufficient output encoding.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 6.4 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch released
Mar 16, 2026 - 00:16 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Jun 27, 2025 - 10:15 nvd
MEDIUM 6.4

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using Ninja Forms - The Contact Form Builder That Grows With You should be aware of moderate risk from CVE-2025-5398, a cross-site scripting vulnerability rated CVSS 6.4. Attackers could inject scripts to steal sessions or perform actions as authenticated users. A patch is available and should be applied during regular vulnerability management.

Business Impact: Low
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: implement CSP headers, enable HttpOnly cookies, deploy WAF XSS rules.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 90% exploitable
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
Low

Priority Score

32
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +32
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Cross-Site Scripting MEDIUM

Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.

More in Ninja Forms

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Stored cross-site scripting in the Ninja Forms WordPress plugin 3.15.3 lets an unauthenticated visitor plant a script pa
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The AJAX action, wp_ajax_ninja_forms_sendwp_remote_install_handler, did not have a capability check on it, nor did it ha
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PHP Object Injection in the Ninja Forms WordPress plugin 3.15.3 allows unauthenticated attackers to plant serialized pay
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The Ninja Forms Contact Form WordPress plugin before 3.6.13 unserialises the content of an imported file, which could le
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The Ninja Forms Contact Form WordPress plugin before 3.6.4 does not escape keys of the fields POST parameter, which coul
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The Ninja Forms WordPress plugin before 3.8.11 does not escape an URL before outputting it back in an attribute, leading
CVE-2023-37979 MEDIUM POC
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Unauth. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low at
CVE-2023-1835 MEDIUM POC
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The Ninja Forms Contact Form WordPress plugin before 3.6.22 does not properly escape user input before outputting it bac
CVE-2021-24165 MEDIUM POC
6.1 Apr 05

In the Ninja Forms Contact Form WordPress plugin before 3.4.34, the wp_ajax_nf_oauth_connect AJAX action was vulnerable

Same weakness CWE-79 – Cross-site Scripting (XSS)

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CVE-2014-2120 MEDIUM
6.1
CVE-2023-40000 HIGH POC
8.3
CVE-2016-8581 MEDIUM POC
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CVE-2013-5223 MEDIUM POC
5.4
CVE-2025-52367 MEDIUM POC
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Same technique XSS

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CVE-2017-9248 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2013-1710 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2024-52875 HIGH POC
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References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=&sfph_mail=&reponame=&old=3317181%40ninja-forms&new=3317181%40ninja-forms&sfp_email=&sfph_mail= ADVISORY https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5398 REF https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ninja-forms/tags/3.10.1/assets/js/min/front-end.js REF https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/92d106c6-a910-4f41-94d1-59f6b7f3aeb0?source=cve

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