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X6000r Firmware CVE-2025-52906

CRITICAL
OS Command Injection (CWE-78)
2025-09-24 psirt@paloaltonetworks.com
9.3
CVSS 4.0 · NVD
View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization OS command sanitization, avoid shell exec
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Impact

CVSS score of 9.3 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.95%.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could execute arbitrary operating system commands on the host by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: CRITICAL severity.
No patch listed yet 0.9% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in TOTOLINK X6000R allows OS Command Injection.4.0cu.1360_B20241207. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Avoid passing user input to shell commands. Use language-specific APIs instead of shell execution. Apply strict input validation with allowlists.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as OS Command Injection (CWE-78), which allows attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the host. Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in TOTOLINK X6000R allows OS Command Injection.4.0cu.1360_B20241207. Affected products include: Totolink X6000R Firmware.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.3 CRITICAL
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/S:N/AU:Y/R:U

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
High
Subsequent system: Integrity
High
Subsequent system: Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in TOTOLINK X6000R allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects X6000R: through V9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-52906 presents critical security risk, a OS command injection vulnerability rated CVSS 9.3. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or commands on affected systems, potentially leading to full system compromise. Organizations should apply vendor updates immediately when available and implement compensating controls in the interim.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Deploy WAF rules to block injection patterns; (2) Restrict network access to affected components; (3) Enable enhanced logging for suspicious activity.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.9%
Top 24% exploitable

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.9%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
Very High

Priority Score

47
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +46
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:o:totolink:x6000r_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2025-52053 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Sep 15

TOTOLINK X6000R router firmware V9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207 contains an unauthenticated command injection in the sub_417D74

CVE-2023-50651 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Dec 30

TOTOLINK X6000R v9.4.0cu.852_B20230719 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the

CVE-2024-1781 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Feb 23

A vulnerability was found in Totolink X6000R AX3000 9.4.0cu.852_20230719. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulne

CVE-2023-48800 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Dec 04

In TOTOLINK X6000R_Firmware V9.4.0cu.852_B20230719, the shttpd file sub_417338 function obtains fields from the front-en

CVE-2023-48799 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Dec 04

TOTOLINK-X6000R Firmware-V9.4.0cu.852_B20230719 is vulnerable to Command Execution. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8),

CVE-2023-48801 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Dec 01

In TOTOLINK X6000R_Firmware V9.4.0cu.852_B20230719, the shttpd file sub_415534 function obtains fields from the front-en

CVE-2023-43455 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Dec 01

An issue in TOTOLINK X6000R V9.4.0cu.652_B20230116 and V9.4.0cu.852_B20230719 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitr

CVE-2023-43454 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Dec 01

An issue in TOTOLINK X6000R V9.4.0cu.652_B20230116 and V9.4.0cu.852_B20230719 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitr

CVE-2023-43453 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Dec 01

An issue in TOTOLINK X6000R V9.4.0cu.652_B20230116 and V9.4.0cu.852_B20230719 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitr

CVE-2023-48812 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Nov 30

In TOTOLINK X6000R V9.4.0cu.852_B20230719, the shttpd file sub_4119A0 function obtains fields from the front-end through

CVE-2023-48811 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Nov 30

In TOTOLINK X6000R V9.4.0cu.852_B20230719, the shttpd file, sub_4119A0 function obtains fields from the front-end throug

CVE-2023-48810 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Nov 30

In TOTOLINK X6000R V9.4.0cu.852_B20230719, the shttpd file, sub_4119A0 function obtains fields from the front-end throug

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