Vpn
CVE-2025-25565
CRITICAL
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Buffer copy size validation
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Impact | CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.19%. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A remote attacker could overflow a buffer to corrupt adjacent memory by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026
SoftEther VPN 5.02.5187 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in the Command.c file via the PtMakeCert and PtMakeCert2048 functions. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
RemediationAI
No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Always validate buffer sizes before copy operations. Use bounded functions (strncpy, snprintf). Enable compiler protections.
Affects your stack
Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
This vulnerability is classified as Buffer Copy without Size Check (CWE-120), which allows attackers to overflow a buffer to corrupt adjacent memory. SoftEther VPN 5.02.5187 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in the Command.c file via the PtMakeCert and PtMakeCert2048 functions. NOTE: the Supplier disputes this because the behavior only allows a user to attack himself by typing a long string on a command line. Affected products include: Softether Vpn.
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- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
SoftEther VPN 5.02.5187 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in the Command.c file via the PtMakeCert and PtMakeCert2048 functions. NOTE: the Supplier disputes this because the behavior only allows a user to attack himself by typing a long string on a command line.
Executive ViewAI
Organizations using SoftEther VPN 5.02.5187 face critical risk from CVE-2025-25565, a buffer overflow vulnerability rated CVSS 9.8. Exploitation could allow attackers to corrupt memory, crash the application, or potentially execute arbitrary code. Proof-of-concept code is publicly available, increasing the risk of exploitation. Organizations should apply vendor updates immediately when available and implement compensating controls in the interim.
Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Enable ASLR and DEP where available; (2) Implement network segmentation; (3) Monitor for exploitation indicators.
Threat Intelligence Overview
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org
SoftEtherVPN 5.02.5187 is vulnerable to Use after Free in the Command.c file via the CheckNetworkAcceptThread function.
SoftEther VPN 5.02.5187 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in Internat.c via the UniToStrForSingleChars function. Rated cr
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the vpnserver WpcParsePacket() functionality of SoftEther VPN 4.41-
Hola VPN 1.34 has weak permissions (Everyone:F) under %PROGRAMFILES%, which allows local users to gain privileges via a
An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the CiRpcAccepted() functionality of SoftEther VPN 4.41-9782-beta and 5
A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the vpnserver ConnectionAccept() functionality of SoftEther VPN 5.02. Rated
A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the vpnserver EnSafeHttpHeaderValueStr functionality of SoftEther VPN 5.01.9
An integer underflow vulnerability exists in the vpnserver OvsProcessData functionality of SoftEther VPN 5.01.9674 and 5
An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the CiRpcServerThread() functionality of SoftEther VPN 5.01.9674 and 4.
An issue was discovered in the Clario VPN client through 5.9.1.1662 for macOS. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vu
A denial of service vulnerability exists in the DCRegister DDNS_RPC_MAX_RECV_SIZE functionality of SoftEther VPN 4.41-97
An issue was discovered in the Clario VPN client through 5.9.1.1662 for macOS. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vu
GitHub PoC
Exploit-DB