What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-23168?

CVE-2025-23168 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 6.3 (Medium). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-23168?

Within 30 days: Identify affected systems and apply vendor patches as part of regular patch cycle. Monitor vendor channels for patch availability.

Versa Director CVE-2025-23168

EUVD-2025-18669 MEDIUM

Authentication Bypass by Spoofing (CWE-290)

2025-06-19 support@hackerone.com

Authentication Bypass Versa Director Versa Networks

6.3

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-290 OWASP Top 10:2025 A07:2025 - Authentication Failures ASVS 5.0 V6 - Authentication Anti-spoofing controls MITRE ATT&CK 1 technique across 1 tactic: Defense Evasion The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	Unauthorized access to protected functionality, data, or administrative interfaces, potentially leading to full system compromise. With a CVSS score of 6.3 (MEDIUM), this represents a moderate risk.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	An attacker manipulates authentication tokens, exploits logic flaws, or uses default credentials to bypass the login mechanism and access restricted areas.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).

No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 15, 2026

The Versa Director SD-WAN orchestration platform implements Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) using One-Time Passcodes (OTP) delivered via email or SMS. Versa Director accepts untrusted user input when dispatching 2FA codes, allowing an attacker who knows a valid username and password to redirect the OTP delivery (SMS/email) to their own device. OTP/TOTP codes are not invalidated after use, enabling reuse by an attacker who has previously intercepted or obtained a valid code. In addition, the 2FA system does not adequately restrict the number or frequency of login attempts. The OTP values are generated from a relatively small keyspace, making brute-force attacks more feasible.

Exploitation Status:

Versa Networks is not aware of any reported instance where this vulnerability was exploited. Proof of concept for this vulnerability has been disclosed by third party security researchers.

Workarounds or Mitigation:

Versa recommends that Director be upgraded to one of the remediated software versions.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 15, 2026 - 00:08 CVSS 6.3

RemediationAI

Implement robust authentication mechanisms. Use multi-factor authentication. Review authentication logic for bypass conditions. Remove default credentials.

Affected VersionsENISA

Director 22.1.1 ≤22.1.1

Director 21.2.2 ≤21.2.2

Director 22.1.3 ≤22.1.3

Director 22.1.2 ≤22.1.2

Director 22.1.4 ≤22.1.4

Director 21.2.3 ≤21.2.3

Affected Packages

euvd director no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

An authentication bypass vulnerability allows attackers to circumvent login mechanisms and gain unauthorized access without valid credentials. This vulnerability is classified as Authentication Bypass by Spoofing (CWE-290).

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 6.3 MEDIUM

AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

Low

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

Low

Integrity

Low

Availability

Low

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-23168 presents moderate security risk rated CVSS 6.3. Exploitation could compromise the security of affected deployments. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Low

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: restrict network access and enable monitoring.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 69% exploitable

Data Quality

4 sources

Confidence: Medium

EUVD

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity MEDIUM

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available No

Active threat No

Deciding rule

MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.