EUVD-2025-208907CVSS Vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
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4Description
This vulnerability in AX53 v1 results from insufficient input sanitization in the device’s probe handling logic, where unvalidated parameters can trigger a stack-based buffer overflow that causes the affected service to crash and, under specific conditions, may enable remote code execution through complex heap-spray techniques. Successful exploitation may result in repeated service unavailability and, in certain scenarios, allow an attacker to gain control of the device.
Analysis
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in TP-Link AX53 v1 due to insufficient input sanitization in the device's probe handling logic, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to cause denial of service through repeated service crashes and potentially achieve remote code execution via heap-spray techniques under specific conditions. The vulnerability affects TP-Link AX53 v1 devices and has a patch available from the vendor, though no confirmed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept has been widely reported at this time.
Technical Context
The vulnerability resides in the probe handling subsystem of the TP-Link AX53 v1 wireless router (cpe:2.3:a:tp-link_systems_inc.:ax53_v1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*), which fails to properly validate and sanitize incoming parameters before processing them. This root cause is classified under CWE-121 (Stack-based Buffer Overflow), a memory safety issue where unvalidated input exceeds allocated stack buffer boundaries. The affected component is part of the device's embedded Linux firmware, likely within the wireless management or HTTP daemon service. Attackers can supply oversized or maliciously crafted probe requests that overwrite stack memory, leading to immediate service termination or, with careful heap spraying and memory layout exploitation, arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the vulnerable process.
Affected Products
TP-Link AX53 v1 devices are the confirmed affected product. The vulnerability applies to all instances of AX53 v1 as indicated by the CPE string cpe:2.3:a:tp-link_systems_inc.:ax53_v1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*. Affected users can verify their device model and firmware version via the device's web interface or CLI. TP-Link has published a security advisory and firmware patch at https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/archer-ax53/v1/#Firmware and https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/5025/, providing detailed guidance on affected versions and remediation.
Remediation
Immediately download and apply the latest firmware patch for the TP-Link AX53 v1 from the official TP-Link support page at https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/archer-ax53/v1/#Firmware, ensuring the device is reset to factory defaults after flashing if recommended by the vendor. Until patching is possible, isolate affected devices on a dedicated, restricted network segment and disable remote management interfaces (WAN access to the device's web UI). Monitor probe traffic and implement network-level rate limiting on probe requests if the attack vector is known to originate from a specific source. Verify patch installation by confirming the firmware version matches the patched release identified in the advisory at https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/5025/.
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