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GTT Tax Information System CVE-2025-13953

CRITICAL
Authentication Bypass by Spoofing (CWE-290)
2025-12-10 cve-coordination@incibe.es
9.3
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: incibe
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Gain local-machine or internal-network access
  2. Delivery
    Impersonate the legitimate authentication WebSocket
  3. Exploit
    Inject forged AD/LDAP identity data
  4. Execution
    Application accepts spoofed login as any domain user
  5. Impact
    Compromise application confidentiality, integrity and availability

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Anti-spoofing controls
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Defense Evasion

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that the GTT Tax Information System is deployed using the Active Directory (LDAP) login method, where authentication is brokered through a LOCAL WebSocket that the web application fails to validate for origin/authenticity. The concrete prerequisite is attacker access to the local machine running the application OR a position on the internal network from which the local WebSocket can be impersonated - this is the primary limiting factor and means the flaw is not exploitable from the open internet despite the AV:N in the vendor vector. No valid domain credentials and no user interaction are required once that network/host position is obtained.

Impact

Signals conflict and should be reconciled before prioritization. The vendor-supplied CVSS 4.0 vector scores 9.3 (Critical) with AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N and full High impact to confidentiality, integrity and availability, which on its face looks like trivially remote, unauthenticated, total compromise. However, the description explicitly scopes the attacker to one 'with access to the local machine or internal network' who must impersonate a LOCAL WebSocket - this contradicts AV:N and is far more consistent with an adjacent/local attack vector. CVSS network vector conflicts with the description's local/internal-network precondition - treat this as adjacent-access, not internet-facing, and verify with the vendor/INCIBE. The supporting exploitation signals are modest: EPSS is only 0.57% (46th percentile), there is no CISA KEV listing (not actively exploited per available data), and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Net assessment: this is a genuinely high-impact authentication bypass (CWE-290, spoofing of a trusted authentication channel) that fully defeats access control when an attacker already has a foothold on the host or LAN, but the real-world urgency is tempered by the local/internal-network precondition, low EPSS, absence of KEV, and a niche, industry-specific product. Prioritize patching for exposed/shared deployments, but it is not a mass-exploitation internet threat on current evidence.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who already has a foothold on the internal network or the local host running the GTT Tax Information System stands up a rogue process impersonating the legitimate local authentication WebSocket. Because the web application never validates the authenticity or origin of the WebSocket data, the attacker injects a forged Active Directory/LDAP identity and is logged in as any chosen domain user with no valid credentials. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
No patch listed yet 0.6% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026

Authentication bypass in the GTT Tax Information System allows an attacker who can reach or impersonate the local WebSocket that brokers Active Directory (LDAP) logins to authenticate as any user in the domain without valid credentials. Our independent assessment rates this CVSS:3.1 AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, meaning the flaw is exploitable without authentication and without user interaction, but the attacker must already have access to the machine running the application or a position on the internal network from which the local WebSocket can be spoofed - it is not reachable from the open internet, even though the vendor's CVSS:4.0 vector (9.3) uses AV:N. EPSS is 0.57% (46th percentile) and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis; successful exploitation fully compromises the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the application and its data.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch was identified at time of analysis, so remediation must begin with the INCIBE-CERT advisory (https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/bypass-authentication-method-gtt-sistema-de-informacion-tributario) and direct confirmation of a fix timeline from the vendor; until a patched build is available, treat AD/LDAP-brokered authentication as untrusted. Actionable compensating controls: bind the authentication WebSocket strictly to the loopback interface (or a Unix domain socket protected by filesystem permissions) so remote hosts cannot reach it, accepting that any legitimate remote authentication flow depends on that channel and would break; enforce mutual TLS or a per-session shared secret/token on the WebSocket handshake and reject connections whose Origin header is absent or unexpected, which requires application-level changes but preserves functionality; block the WebSocket port at the host firewall and via network segmentation so only the application host itself can connect, at the cost of losing cross-host integration; and as a temporary measure disable the Active Directory (LDAP) login method and fall back to local accounts, which removes the SSO convenience and increases credential-management overhead. Pair these with host hardening to limit who can run processes on the application server, and monitor authentication logs for logins to unexpected domain accounts, since a spoofed WebSocket results in legitimate-looking successful authentications with no credential failures.

Affected ProductsAI

The affected product is the GTT Tax Information System when deployed with the Active Directory (LDAP) login method enabled; installations using other authentication modes are not described as vulnerable. No CPE identifiers, version ranges or fixed-version markers were supplied in the available intelligence (references contained no CPE data), so the exact affected version set cannot be enumerated from these sources. The only authoritative reference is the INCIBE-CERT advisory at https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/bypass-authentication-method-gtt-sistema-de-informacion-tributario, reported by cve-coordination@incibe.es, which should be consulted for the vendor's statement of affected releases.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The root cause class is CWE-290 (Authentication Bypass by Spoofing). In deployments configured for the Active Directory / LDAP login method, the GTT Tax Information System brokers authentication over a local WebSocket rather than validating identity server-side. Because the web application does not verify the authenticity of that channel or the origin of the messages it receives, an attacker who can stand up or hijack a WebSocket endpoint on the same host or on the internal network can present forged identity assertions and have them accepted as a genuine LDAP authentication result. This effectively replaces credential verification with trust in a transport that is neither authenticated nor origin-checked. The supplied intelligence provides no CPE strings or version enumeration, only a single INCIBE-CERT advisory authored by the coordinating reporter, and the vendor-published CVSS 4.0 score (AV:N) conflicts with the adjacent-network vector our analysis assigns; the practical gating condition is host/local-network access, not internet exposure.

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Severity by source

Vendor (incibe) PRIMARY 9.3 CRITICAL
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 8.8 HIGH

Description limits the attacker to the local machine or internal network impersonating a local WebSocket, so AV:A (not AV:N); no credentials or interaction needed (PR:N/UI:N) and full C/I/A loss on bypass.

3.1 AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (incibe).

CVSS VectorVendor: incibe

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
High
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Bypass vulnerability in the authentication method in the GTT Tax Information System application, related to the Active Directory (LDAP) login method.

Authentication is performed through a local WebSocket, but the web application does not properly validate the authenticity or origin of the data received, allowing an attacker with access to the local machine or internal network to impersonate the legitimate WebSocket and inject manipulated information.

Exploiting this vulnerability could allow an attacker to authenticate as any user in the domain, without the need for valid credentials, compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the application and its data.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

GTT Tax Information System contains a critical authentication bypass vulnerability (CVE-2025-13953) that allows an unauthenticated attacker with internal network access to impersonate any domain user, fully compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of tax data. This affects organizations using the system for tax processing, posing severe risk of data breaches, fraudulent tax filings, and regulatory non-compliance. Although no public exploit identified at time of analysis, the critical severity (CVSS 9.3) and potential for significant financial and reputational damage warrant immediate leadership attention.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

No vendor patch available. Interim mitigations include restricting network access to the application, monitoring authentication logs for anomalies, isolating the system on a separate network segment, disabling the local WebSocket interface if not needed, and enforcing least privilege for domain accounts.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.6%
Top 54% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche industry-specific tax-administration software, limited regional deployment
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.6%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
Very High

Priority Score

47
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +46
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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