What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-12420?

CVE-2025-12420 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 (Critical). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-12420?

Within 24 hours: Identify all affected systems and apply vendor patches immediately. Monitor vendor channels for patch availability.

Servicenow CVE-2025-12420

CRITICAL

Execution with Unnecessary Privileges (CWE-250)

2026-01-12 psirt@servicenow.com

Privilege Escalation AI / ML Now Assist Ai Agents Virtual Agent Api Servicenow

9.8

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-250 OWASP Top 10:2025 A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components ASVS 5.0 V8 - Authorization Unnecessary privilege execution
Impact	CVSS 9.8 (Critical). No auth, network vector, low complexity. EPSS 0.05%. ServiceNow instances contain highly sensitive enterprise data. Hosted instances were patched in October 2025.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	An attacker sends crafted requests to the AI Platform API impersonating an IT admin, accessing all incident records, change requests, and potentially modifying critical IT configurations.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.

No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 12, 2026

ServiceNow AI Platform has a user impersonation vulnerability allowing unauthenticated attackers to impersonate any user and perform their authorized actions. ServiceNow has deployed patches to hosted instances and self-hosted updates are available.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 12, 2026 - 21:54 CVSS 9.8

ServiceNow AI Platform allows unauthenticated user impersonation with full access to impersonated user's privileges.

RemediationAI

Verify your ServiceNow instance has the security update applied. Self-hosted customers should update immediately.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Improper authentication in AI Platform APIs (CWE-250) allows an unauthenticated attacker to impersonate any platform user. Given ServiceNow's role in enterprise IT operations, this can mean access to incident data, change management, asset inventories, and HR records.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability has been identified in the ServiceNow AI Platform that could enable an unauthenticated user to impersonate another user and perform the operations that the impersonated user is entitled to perform.

ServiceNow has addressed this vulnerability by deploying a relevant security update to hosted instances in October 2025. Security updates have also been provided to ServiceNow self-hosted customers, partners, and hosted customers with unique configurations. Additionally, the vulnerability is addressed in the listed Store App versions. We recommend that customers promptly apply an appropriate security update or upgrade if they have not already done so.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using A vulnerability face critical risk from CVE-2025-12420 rated CVSS 9.8. Successful exploitation could critically impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. Organizations should apply vendor updates immediately when available and implement compensating controls in the interim.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls to limit exposure; (2) Enable enhanced monitoring and alerting; (3) Apply principle of least privilege.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 85% exploitable

Data Quality

3 sources

Confidence: Low

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity CRITICAL

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available No

Active threat No

Deciding rule

CRITICAL severity

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Out-of-Cycle

Exploitation· derived

None

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Yes

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +49

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Privilege Escalation HIGH

Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.