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RUET OJ CVE-2025-12326

MEDIUM
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') (CWE-74)
2025-10-27 cna@vuldb.com
5.5
CVSS 4.0 · NVD
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY
5.5 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
vuln.today AI
6.5 MEDIUM

Network-accessible POST endpoint, no authentication per CVSS 4.0 PR:N; SQL injection yields limited data read/write but no direct availability impact.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
X

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Analysis Generated
Jul 25, 2026 - 12:08 vuln.today
CVE Published
Oct 27, 2025 - 21:15 cve.org
MEDIUM 5.5

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability was found in shawon100 RUET OJ up to 18fa45b0a669fa1098a0b8fc629cf6856369d9a5. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /process.php of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument un results in sql injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This product does not use versioning. This is why information about affected and unaffected releases are unavailable. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

AnalysisAI

SQL injection in RUET OJ's /process.php POST request handler allows remote unauthenticated attackers to manipulate the 'un' parameter to interact with the underlying database. The affected codebase, maintained by shawon100 on GitHub, uses no formal versioning - all commits up to 18fa45b0a669fa1098a0b8fc629cf6856369d9a5 are affected. A public exploit has been disclosed via VulDB, though the EPSS score of 0.02% (6th percentile) reflects the product's extremely limited deployment footprint; no active exploitation is confirmed.

Technical ContextAI

RUET OJ is a PHP-based Online Judge platform developed for Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, identified in the CPE as cpe:2.3:a:shawonruet:ruet_oj:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*. The vulnerability resides in the /process.php endpoint, which processes POST request data without adequate sanitization of the 'un' parameter before constructing SQL queries. The root cause is classified as CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component, i.e., Injection), the parent class that encompasses SQL injection (CWE-89). Because the application does not use a versioning scheme, there is no clean version boundary - the entire codebase as of the referenced commit is considered vulnerable.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch has been identified at time of analysis - the vendor was notified but did not respond. Operators of this platform should immediately restrict public network access to /process.php by blocking the endpoint at the web server or firewall level; note this may disable affected functionality. Alternatively, parameterized queries or prepared statements should be implemented in the /process.php POST handler to sanitize the 'un' input - this is a code-level fix requiring developer intervention. A Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule targeting SQL metacharacters in POST body parameters can serve as a compensating control but is bypassable with encoding evasion. Given the product's academic context, the most pragmatic control is to take the application offline or restrict access to authenticated and trusted network segments only. Advisory references are at https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.330103.

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CVE-2025-12326 vulnerability details – vuln.today

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