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Ninja Forms CVE-2025-11924

HIGH
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (CWE-639)
2025-12-17 security@wordfence.com
7.5
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: wordfence
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Load public page with Submissions Table block
  2. Delivery
    Extract leaked bearer token
  3. Exploit
    Replay token against ninja-forms-views REST endpoints
  4. Execution
    Enumerate arbitrary form IDs
  5. Impact
    Exfiltrate form definitions and submission PII

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Object-level authorization, IDOR prevention
Exploitation Conditions

Requires the target site to render the Ninja Forms Submissions Table block on a page the attacker can load, since that block leaks the bearer token used to authorize the ninja-forms-views REST endpoints; with that token an unauthenticated remote attacker can read arbitrary form definitions and submission records. The primary limiting factor is that a site not using the Submissions Table block does not leak the token. Additionally, installs that applied only the incomplete 3.13.1 patch remain exploitable because that version introduced an endpoint that mints valid bearer tokens for arbitrary form IDs; the flaw impacts Ninja Forms versions up to and including 3.13.2.

Impact

The provided CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N, base 7.5) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity, unauthenticated confidentiality-only flaw, and this aligns well with the CWE-639 IDOR description: unauthenticated attackers can read arbitrary form definitions and submission records. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC are present in the input, so exploitation is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis' - this is a Wordfence-catalogued authorization flaw, not confirmed active exploitation. The realistic risk is moderate rather than acute: the PR:N rating is technically justified (the attacker need not authenticate), but real exploitation depends on a bearer token being leaked to a page rendering the Submissions Table block, which is a meaningful precondition the raw CVSS PR:N does not capture. Notably, the description flags a defective earlier fix (3.13.1 introduced an endpoint that could mint a valid bearer token for arbitrary form IDs), so incompletely-patched installs are effectively still exposed - defenders must confirm they are on the corrected patch (trac changeset 3415563), not merely 3.13.1. Given the plugin's very large install base, this is a real prioritize-and-patch issue despite the absence of active-exploitation signals.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker browses to any front-end WordPress page that embeds the Ninja Forms Submissions Table block, harvests the bearer token leaked into that page, and replays it against the ninja-forms-views REST endpoints to enumerate form definitions and dump submission records (names, emails, and any collected PII) for arbitrary form IDs. No account or user interaction is required. No public exploit code is identified in the input, but the mechanism is straightforward and well-documented by the Wordfence advisory.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 28, 2026

Unauthenticated remote attackers can read arbitrary Ninja Forms form definitions and stored submission records on WordPress sites running the plugin up to and including 3.13.2, because the ninja-forms-views REST endpoints return form metadata and submission content without verifying that the requester is authorized (CWE-639, CVSS 3.1 base 7.5, AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N). Exploitation depends on a leaked bearer token: any page that renders the Submissions Table block exposes a token that can then be used against the vulnerable endpoints, so sites that do not use that block are not exposed by this path. Notably, the 3.13.1 release was an ineffective patch - it closed the original hole but introduced an endpoint that mints valid bearer tokens for arbitrary form IDs - and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, nor is the issue listed in CISA KEV. Impact is confidentiality-only (high), with no integrity or availability effect.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch data is available: the fix is published as WordPress plugin changeset 3415563 (see https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3415563/ninja-forms), and administrators should upgrade Ninja Forms to the latest patched release rather than to 3.13.1, which is an incomplete fix that can mint bearer tokens for arbitrary form IDs. Because the exact tagged release version beyond the changeset is not independently confirmed from the provided data, verify the installed version is newer than 3.13.2 after updating and re-test the ninja-forms-views endpoints. If immediate patching is not possible, the most effective compensating control is to stop leaking the token: remove or unpublish any page or post that renders the Submissions Table block (trade-off: you lose front-end submission listings), or disable the block/feature entirely. As a secondary layer, block or restrict external access to the ninja-forms-views REST namespace at the web server or WAF (trade-off: legitimate front-end views relying on that namespace may break, so scope the rule to unauthenticated requests and monitor logs for 401/403 churn). Treat any bearer token previously exposed to an untrusted client as compromised, and review stored submissions for unauthorized access. Sites that only applied 3.13.1 should be treated as still vulnerable until upgraded.

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

Ninja Forms is a WordPress form builder plugin whose Submissions Table block renders stored form entries on the front end, and whose ninja-forms-views REST namespace serves form definitions and submission data. The root cause is CWE-639 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key): the REST handlers accept a caller-supplied form ID and return the corresponding metadata/submission records without checking that the caller is authenticated or entitled to that object, an Insecure Direct Object Reference pattern. Authorization is instead gated on a bearer token, which the Submissions Table block leaks to any client that can load a page containing it - turning a token-gated endpoint into an effectively unauthenticated data-read primitive. The remediation history is important: version 3.13.1 attempted to fix the original IDOR but introduced a REST endpoint that could mint a valid bearer token for arbitrary form IDs, so 3.13.1 does not remediate the issue. The affected CPE is cpe:2.3:a:ninjaforms:ninja_forms:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*, covering all releases through 3.13.2. The CVSS vector (PR:N, UI:N) confirms the attacker needs no credentials and no user interaction beyond loading a page that already contains the block.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (wordfence) PRIMARY 7.5 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
vuln.today AI 7.5 HIGH

Remote unauthenticated read of submission records via a token leaked to any Submissions-Table page (PR:N/AC:L); confidentiality-only, no integrity or availability impact.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (wordfence).

CVSS VectorVendor: wordfence

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

The Ninja Forms - The Contact Form Builder That Grows With You plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 3.13.2. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized before the ninja-forms-views REST endpoints return form metadata and submission content. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary form definitions and submission records via a leaked bearer token granted they can load any page containing the Submissions Table block. NOTE: The developer released a patch for this issue in 3.13.1, but inadvertently introduced a REST API endpoint in which a valid bearer token could be minted for arbitrary form IDs, making this patch ineffective.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

The Ninja Forms WordPress plugin, versions up to and including 3.13.2, can expose form definitions and stored submission records to unauthenticated attackers when the Submissions Table block is used, creating a confidentiality risk for any organization that collects sensitive information through WordPress forms. While no public exploit identified at time of analysis, leadership should prioritize remediation because exposed submissions may contain personal, financial, or operational data that could trigger privacy, regulatory, and reputational consequences. Patch available per vendor advisory; affected sites should be identified and remediated promptly.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 64% exploitable
Prevalence
High
Ninja Forms is a top-tier WordPress form plugin with ~800k+ active installs
Data Quality
2 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
High

Priority Score

38
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +38
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:ninjaforms:ninja_forms:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*
CVE-2016-1209 CRITICAL POC
9.8 May 14

The Ninja Forms plugin before 2.9.42.1 for WordPress allows remote attackers to conduct PHP object injection attacks via

CVE-2026-92438 HIGH POC
8.8 Sep 22

Stored cross-site scripting in the Ninja Forms WordPress plugin 3.15.3 lets an unauthenticated visitor plant a script pa

CVE-2021-24163 HIGH POC
8.8 Apr 05

The AJAX action, wp_ajax_ninja_forms_sendwp_remote_install_handler, did not have a capability check on it, nor did it ha

CVE-2018-16308 HIGH POC
8.6 Sep 01

The Ninja Forms plugin before 3.3.14.1 for WordPress allows CSV injection. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerab

CVE-2026-91827 HIGH POC
7.5 Sep 22

PHP Object Injection in the Ninja Forms WordPress plugin 3.15.3 allows unauthenticated attackers to plant serialized pay

CVE-2022-2903 HIGH POC
7.2 Sep 26

The Ninja Forms Contact Form WordPress plugin before 3.6.13 unserialises the content of an imported file, which could le

CVE-2021-24889 HIGH POC
7.2 Nov 29

The Ninja Forms Contact Form WordPress plugin before 3.6.4 does not escape keys of the fields POST parameter, which coul

CVE-2021-34647 MEDIUM POC
6.5 Sep 22

The Ninja Forms WordPress plugin is vulnerable to sensitive information disclosure via the bulk_export_submissions funct

CVE-2024-7354 MEDIUM POC
6.1 Sep 02

The Ninja Forms WordPress plugin before 3.8.11 does not escape an URL before outputting it back in an attribute, leading

CVE-2023-37979 MEDIUM POC
6.1 Jul 27

Unauth. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low at

CVE-2023-1835 MEDIUM POC
6.1 May 15

The Ninja Forms Contact Form WordPress plugin before 3.6.22 does not properly escape user input before outputting it bac

CVE-2021-24165 MEDIUM POC
6.1 Apr 05

In the Ninja Forms Contact Form WordPress plugin before 3.4.34, the wp_ajax_nf_oauth_connect AJAX action was vulnerable

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