GNU Binutils
CVE-2025-11840
LOW
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
1DescriptionCVE.org
A weakness has been identified in GNU Binutils 2.45. The affected element is the function vfinfo of the file ldmisc.c. Executing a manipulation can lead to out-of-bounds read. The attack can only be executed locally. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. This patch is called 16357. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue.
AnalysisAI
Out-of-bounds read in GNU Binutils 2.45 linker (ld) allows local authenticated attackers to read adjacent memory via manipulation of the vfinfo function in ldmisc.c, potentially disclosing sensitive information. Public exploit code is available, though the EPSS score of 0.03% indicates minimal real-world exploitation probability. The CVSS severity of 1.9 reflects limited impact (availability only) and requirement for local authenticated access.
Technical ContextAI
GNU Binutils is a collection of binary tools including the linker (ld), assembler, and other utilities. The vulnerability exists in ldmisc.c, specifically in the vfinfo function which handles formatting and output of diagnostic messages. The out-of-bounds read (CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer) occurs during memory access operations, potentially allowing disclosure of memory contents adjacent to the intended buffer. This is a classic buffer over-read condition where the function reads beyond allocated buffer boundaries without proper bounds checking.
RemediationAI
Apply the vendor-released patch referenced as patch 16357 (https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/attachment.cgi?id=16357). For GNU Binutils, this typically involves upgrading to the next stable release after 2.45 or applying the specific patch commit to the source. Verify the patched version by checking the GNU Binutils release notes or rebuilding from the patched source. If immediate patching is not feasible, restrict linker invocation (ld) to trusted inputs only and avoid exposing the linker to untrusted build artifacts or user-supplied object files. Monitor the GNU Binutils project page (https://www.gnu.org/) for the official release announcement and verify patch deployment in any CI/CD or build infrastructure that relies on Binutils.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the ihex_scan function in bfd/ihex.c in GNU binutils 2.24 and earlier allows remote attac
elflink.c in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.28, has a "member a
finish_stab in stabs.c in GNU Binutils 2.30 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow) o
Heap-based buffer overflow in the pe_print_edata function in bfd/peXXigen.c in GNU binutils 2.24 and earlier allows remo
readelf in GNU Binutils 2.28 is vulnerable to a heap-based buffer over-read while processing corrupt RL78 binaries. Rate
The _bfd_XXi_swap_aouthdr_in function in bfd/peXXigen.c in GNU binutils 2.24 and earlier allows remote attackers to caus
Stack-based buffer overflow in the srec_scan function in bfd/srec.c in GNU binutils 2.24 and earlier allows remote attac
The *regs* macros in opcodes/bfin-dis.c in GNU Binutils 2.28 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (buffer
The disassemble_bytes function in objdump.c in GNU Binutils 2.28 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (b
The setup_group function in bfd/elf.c in libbfd in GNU binutils 2.24 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a deni
opcodes/rx-decode.opc in GNU Binutils 2.28 lacks bounds checks for certain scale arrays, which allows remote attackers t
The ieee_object_p function in bfd/ieee.c in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU
Same weakness CWE-119 – Buffer Overflow
View allSame technique Buffer Overflow
View allShare
External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today