What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-45771?

CVE-2023-45771 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.1 (High). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2023-45771?

Within 30 days: Identify all affected systems and apply vendor patches as part of regular patch cycle. Verify anti-CSRF tokens and content security policies are enforced.

Captcha CVE-2023-45771

HIGH

Cross-site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79)

2024-03-26 audit@patchstack.com

XSS Captcha Bestwebsoft

7.1

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-79 OWASP Top 10:2025 A05:2025 - Injection ASVS 5.0 V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping MITRE ATT&CK 2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	CVSS score of 7.1 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, user interaction required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.14%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	A remote attacker could inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).

No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 27, 2026

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Contact Form With Captcha allows Reflected XSS.6.8. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 27, 2026 - 21:07 CVSS 7.1

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Sanitize all user input, use Content-Security-Policy headers, encode output contextually (HTML, JS, URL). Use frameworks with built-in XSS protection.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79), which allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Contact Form With Captcha allows Reflected XSS.6.8. Affected products include: Bestwebsoft Captcha. Version information: through 1.6.8..

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 7.1 HIGH

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

Required

Scope

Changed

Confidentiality

Low

Integrity

Low

Availability

Low

DescriptionCVE.org

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Contact Form With Captcha allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Contact Form With Captcha: from n/a through 1.6.8.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2023-45771 presents moderate security risk, a cross-site scripting vulnerability rated CVSS 7.1. Attackers could inject malicious scripts to steal user sessions, credentials, or perform actions on behalf of authenticated users. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and consider compensating controls in the interim.

Business Impact: Moderate

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement Content-Security-Policy headers; (2) Enable HttpOnly and SameSite cookie attributes; (3) Deploy WAF XSS/CSRF rules.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 65% exploitable

Data Quality

3 sources

Confidence: Low

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity HIGH

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available No

Active threat No

Deciding rule

HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.